Projet d’innovation en faveur de la réussite des primo-entrants dans l’Enseignement Supérieur français = Projeto de inovação para o engajamento de alunos iniciantes no Ensino Superior francês = Innovation project for the engagement of first-time students in French Higher Education

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a condução de uma pesquisa-ação relativa à implementação de um projeto de inovação para o sucesso dos estudantes de primeiro ingresso no ensino superior francês e, mais particularmente, de uma faculdade de Ciências da Educação de uma Universidade francesa. Em um contexto político-educacional em que ajustes pedagógicos são usados para prolongar mecanismos ineficientes, questiona-se o desenvolvimento de um projeto pedagógico de inovação e suas condições experimentais para explicar as condições a que pode apoiar sucesso estudantil. Sabendo que este sistema experimental é sustentado por uma abordagem pedagógica baseada em projetos, os autores procuram mostrar que a correlação entre perspectivas metodológicas e pedagógicas trazidas pela diversidade, inovação e o projeto, é decisiva para produzir a transformação das práticas pedagógicas, bem como a relação com o conhecimento mantido pelos atores da comunidade universitária. Finalmente, sua demonstração se concentra em analisar como a inovação pedagógica e o sucesso acadêmico são conduzidos por uma mudança de paradigma de apoio e avaliação, na qual a equipe de professores levará em conta a evolução da aprendizagem, bem como a realização de trabalho atestando todo o conhecimento mobilizado e produzido tanto por um método de escrita coletiva, quanto individualment

A VALIDAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM DE EXPERIÊNCIA NO ESPAÇO EUROPEU: uma perspectiva comparada

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de institucionalização da “Recognition of Prior Learning” (RPL) no espaço europeu, evidenciando diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento na abordagem deste dispositivo. A evolução das tipologias permitiu comparar países europeus entre eles, mostrando distintas lógicas de classificação que informam a evolução económica, social, política e cultural através das quais os indivíduos são levados a comprovar seu nível de desenvolvimento de habilidades formativas e de reflexividade. Assim, os benefícios potenciais de validação para um indivíduo, a economia e a sociedade são bem compreendidos, embora ainda não suficientemente atualizados e quantificados na maioria dos países pesquisados. Finalmente, se os padrões de convergência entre os países são numerosos e oportunidades favoráveis estão emergindo para as pessoas desfavorecidas ou excluídas, no entanto, a pluralidade de atores (políticos, acadêmicos, econômicos, sociais, etc ...) envolvidos no processo de implementação RPL, às vezes, pode ser um obstáculo para encontrar um consenso sobre a orientação de dispositivos RPL a nível nacional. Em conclusão, se o propósito da validação é para enfrentar os desafios da mudança e do aumento da mobilidade, enquanto abordagens interculturais, deve centrar-se sobre as condições de transferibilidade adquirida, reconhecida e certificada, e com base na participação e no compromisso dos atores institucionais e individuais.

Effects of combined sewer overflows on a periurban stream ecosystem: Methodological approach

International audienceHere we develop from a long term field experiment an assessment method of interstitial fauna resilience to combined sewer overflows (CSOs) effect. We address the case of small water courses for which the ratio of CSOs to natural flow can be 1 to much more. Biotic material was collected in the benthic and hyporheic layers. Biotic material focussed mainly on oligocheates species whose diversity, species category and abundance are resumed into metrics, called functional traits (FTrs), giving indications on flux dynamics and nutrient bio-assimilation capacity. The biotic resilience is assessed through the analysis of the response time of the biota to CSOs and natural flow characteristics, here called hydrological indices (HIs). In this aim, a series of hydrological indices are defined to reveal varying aspects of the dynamics of CSOs and natural flows. A main result is that CSOs can have both degrading and boosting effects on the biota of a stony stream. Some CSOs characteristics can explain the physical processes supporting these contrasting effects. In particular the geomorphic characteristics of the water course. Management perspectives emerge from the CSOs hydrological indices and resilience of the biota

Implementación de unidades de calidad en la formación del profesorado: entre armonización de las prácticas de evaluación y singularidad de los contextos

The objective of the European project “Ecalfor” is to analyze the conditions in which the evaluation practices of the quality of the training of basic education teachers are developed, in orderto implement quality units in higher education institutions. The problematization is related to the application margins that allow taking into account the singularities of the contexts in an approach that seeks to harmonize the practices in reference to the common protocol to the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of the European countries (4), Latin America (10) and the Caribbean (2) according to international standards. The hypothesis is based on the mandate of an internationalization of teacher training based on the implementation of a protocol that aims to evaluate the quality of training and its organization while producing a distinction between higher education institutions that would have the necessary resources and those that could not create efficient conditions for their application. Through a theoretical framework related to the quality of training and its forms of evaluation, we have adopted a comparative methodological approach that aims to question the variables associated with both the conditions of implementation of quality units based on sociological, historical, anthropological contexts and cultural than what can fall under public educational policies. Thanks to the administered questionnaires, we have collected data from people in charge of quality in HEIs (managers, directors, technical secretaries and technical specialists...). The results show convergences and divergences between HEIs and between countries that define so many conditions that limit the implementation of a policy for evaluating the quality of teacher training in basic schools at the level of higher education in Latin America and in the rest of the world. Caribbean. In the end, HEIs “must explicitly commit to developing a culture that recognizes the importance of quality and evaluation in their work” (ENQA, 2015) in order to establish a guarantee of the quality of teacher training and education qualifications.El objetivo del proyecto europeo “Ecalfor” es analizar las condiciones en las cuales se desarrollan las prácticas de evaluación de la calidad de la formación de los docentes de educación básica, paraimplementar unidades de calidad en las instituciones de educación superior. La problematización se relaciona con los márgenes de aplicación que permitan tomar en cuenta las singularidades de los contextos en un enfoque que busca armonizar las prácticas en referencia al protocolo común a las instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) de los países de Europa (4), América Latina (10) y el Caribe (2) de acuerdo con los estándares internacionales. La hipótesis parte del mandato de una internacionalización de la formación docente a partir de la implementación de un protocolo que tiene como objetivo evaluar la calidad de la formación y su organización al mismo tiempo que produce una distinción entre las instituciones de educación superior que tendrían recursos necesarios y las que no podrían crear condiciones eficientes para su aplicación. A través un marco teórico relacionado a la calidad de formación ysus formas de evaluación, hemos adoptado un enfoque metodológico de comparación que pretende cuestionar las variables asociadas tanto las condiciones de implementación de las unidades de calidad en función de los contextos sociológicos, históricos, antropológicos y culturales que lo que puede caer bajo las políticas educativas públicas. Gracias a los cuestionarios administrados, hemos recogido datos desde personas encargadas de la calidad en IES (responsables, directores, secretarias técnicas y técnicas especialistas…). Los resultados demuestran convergencias y divergencias entre IES y entre países que definen tantas condiciones que limites por la implementación de una política de evaluación de la calidad de la formación de los docentes de las escuelas básicas al nivel de la educación superior en América latina y en el Caribe. Al final, las IES “deben comprometerse explícitamente a desarrollar una cultura que reconozca la importancia de la calidad y la evaluación en su trabajo “(ENQA, 2015) para establecer una garantía de la calidad de la formación del profesorado y de los títulos de educación.

La zone hyporhéique, une composante à ne pas négliger dans l'état des lieux et la restauration des cours d'eau

Les projets de restauration des cours d'eau sont maintenant de plus en plus fréquents et ambitieux. Intégrant un grand nombre de composantes de l'hydrosystème, ils ne prennent néanmoins pas pleinement en compte sa dimension verticale et oublient souvent un compartiment fondamental, représenté par la zone hyporhéique. Cette zone constitue une seconde rivière dont l'écoulement souterrain est invisible, et dont l'existence et la fonction sont largement méconnues. Pourtant elle joue un rôle fondamental dans le maintien des processus écologiques et dans la préservation de la biodiversité du cours d'eau. Après avoir précisé les rôles du milieu hyporhéique et souligné l'effet des activités humaines qui altèrent souvent sa structure et ses fonctions, on montrera de quelle manière les projets actuels de réhabilitation pourraient être complétés grâce à l'intégration systématique de la zone hyporhéique dans leurs plans et leurs suivis de restauration. / Stream restoration projects are nowadays more and more numerous and ambitious. While they now integrate many components of hydrosystems, they are still ignoring a fundamental one, the hyporheic zone. This zone can be considered as a second river whose subsurface flow is invisible and whose functions are still poorly known. Nevertheless, the hyporheic zone plays a major role in sustaining stream ecological processes and preserving stream biodiversity. After pointing out how human activities can impair the hyporheic zone structure and function, we will show how restoration projects could be much improved by considering the hyporheic zone

Designing and Implementing a Sustainable Cooperative Learning in Physical Education: A Pre-Service Teachers’ Socialization Issue

The socialization of pre-service teachers (PSTs) depends on various actors. Researchers help them to build knowledge about variables that impact teaching models, including cooperative learning (CL). School teachers help them to efficiently implement teaching–learning environments, including CL configurations in real classrooms. However, these two tutors are insufficiently related to the aim of assisting novice physical education (PE) teachers to play a pivotal role in the transition to sustainable CL practices. Insufficient opportunities are provided for helping PE-PSTs to consider instructional precautions coming back on the theoretical foundations and practical barriers to CL implementation. Therefore, our purpose is to examine the conditions in which synergy between research and professional training may be strengthened to prepare PE-PSTs to durably establish CL in school curricula. The threefold aim of this paper is to examine whether PE-PSTs may be: (a) involved in research for opening new avenues in conducting their project under the researcher’s supervision in four main perspectives of CL, (b) trained in CL designs while experiencing instructional approaches and developing competencies to cope with constraints on information sharing, and (c) professionally socialized through the relevant connection between research and applied practice for progressively accessing a realistic and sustainable vision of CL

From Research to Operational Biomonitoring of Freshwaters: A Suggested Conceptual Framework and Practical Solutions

International audienceThe contradictory demands of managers (quick relevant operational responses) and ecologists (need time for in-depth research) involved in freshwater biomonitoring are still relevant today. To contribute to solving this dilemma, we are proposing a novel biomonitoring approach, which among many others, could be used in this field and further developed in the future. Biomonitoring actions are integrated in conceptual schemes, in which hydrology, chemistry, hydrogeology and geomorphology bear as much importance as biology. Among biomonitoring tools, a harmonization system allows end-users to use a set of qualitative indicators (various biotic indices) and integrate the information given by individual biotic indices. Functional traits and calculation of an ecological potential in porous aquatic habitats (surficial coarse sediments and the hyporheic system) are regarded as a basis for assessing ecological functioning of streams and rivers. This last methodology takes into account the dynamics of water exchanges between surface water and groundwater. Objectives of ecological quality, ecological potentials and resilience capacity that need to be preserved or rehabilitated in aquatic habitats are established. In lakes, a similar approach was followed and a general typology of lake functioning was proposed, including that for urban lakes. All those biomonitoring tools are transferred to end-users and subject to further research. The final purpose is to promote practical high-tech tools which are continually and interactively connected with ongoing research

Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018

Drought and heat events, such as the 2018 European drought, interact with the exchange of energy between the land surface and the atmosphere, potentially affecting albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as CO(2)exchange. Each of these quantities may aggravate or mitigate the drought, heat, their side effects on productivity, water scarcity and global warming. We used measurements of 56 eddy covariance sites across Europe to examine the response of fluxes to extreme drought prevailing most of the year 2018 and how the response differed across various ecosystem types (forests, grasslands, croplands and peatlands). Each component of the surface radiation and energy balance observed in 2018 was compared to available data per site during a reference period 2004-2017. Based on anomalies in precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, we classified 46 sites as drought affected. These received on average 9% more solar radiation and released 32% more sensible heat to the atmosphere compared to the mean of the reference period. In general, drought decreased net CO(2)uptake by 17.8%, but did not significantly change net evapotranspiration. The response of these fluxes differed characteristically between ecosystems; in particular, the general increase in the evaporative index was strongest in peatlands and weakest in croplands. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'